How does obesity cause hypertension pathophysiology?

Obesity-related hypertension occurs due to the complex interplay between multiple mechanisms including inappropriate activation of the SNS and RAAS, adipocyte dysfunction, and impaired pressure natriuresis that is exacerbated by physical compression of the kidneys.

How does obesity affect hypertension?

Obesity might lead to hypertension and cardiovascular disease by activating the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, by increasing sympathetic activity, by promoting insulin resistance and leptin resistance, by increased procoagulatory activity and by endothelial dysfunction.

Why does weight affect blood pressure?

Weight loss reduces the strain on your heart. Being overweight puts extra strain on your heart, increasing the risk for developing high blood pressure and damage to your blood vessels that can lead to serious health threats.

What type of hypertension is caused by obesity?

In fact, BP seems to be more difficult to control in obese patients and obesity is recognized to be a common cause of treatment-resistant hypertension.

Is obesity primary or secondary hypertension?

About 90-95% of hypertension cases are classified as essential hypertension. While doctors don’t know the exact cause of essential hypertension, it has been linked to certain risk factors. You’re more likely to develop primary hypertension if you have one or more of these risk factors: Obesity.

Why does obesity cause high cholesterol?

So being overweight or obese can raise your chances of high triglycerides and, in turn, high cholesterol because you’re more likely to: Have increased fat tissue in your body, which means higher amounts of free fatty acids are delivered to your liver.

Can obesity cause low blood pressure?

Thus, some obese people will have BPs lower than 140/90 mm Hg, the level usually used to indicate hypertension. However, even those who are classified as obese normotensives have higher BP than they would at a lower body weight and weight loss lowers BP in normotensive and hypertensive obese subjects.

What is the relationship between weight and blood pressure?

How Is Blood Pressure Related to Weight? As your body weight increases, your blood pressure can rise. In fact, being overweight can make you more likely to develop high blood pressure than if you are at your desirable weight. About 70% of adults in the United States are overweight.

What is the pathophysiology of obesity hypertension?

The mediators of abnormal kidney function and increased blood pressure during development of obesity hypertension include (1) physical compression of the kidneys by fat in and around the kidneys, (2) activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and (3) increased sympathetic nervous system activity.

What is the relationship between obesity and high blood pressure?

Excess fat accumulation in and around the kidneys is associated with increased intrarenal pressures, impaired pressure natriuresis, and hypertension12. In patients with visceral obesity, intra-abdominal pressure rises in proportion to sagittal abdominal diameter, reaching levels as high as 35–40 mmHg27.

Does obesity change the arterial-pressure mechanism of diuresis and natriuresis?

The arterial-pressure control mechanism of diuresis and natriuresis, according to the principle of infinite feedback gain, seems to be shifted toward higher blood-pressure levels in obese individuals. During the early phases of obesity, primary sodium retention exists as a result of increase in renal tubular reabsorption.

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension?

The relationship between obesity and hypertension is well established both in children and adults. The mechanisms through which obesity directly causes hypertension are still an area of research. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system has been considered to have an important function in the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension.