What is phasor measurement in smart grid?
A Phasor Measurement Unit, also called a PMU or a synchrophasor, is a key tool used on electric systems to improve operators’ visibility into what is happening throughout the vast grid network. A PMU is a device that measures a quantity called a phasor.
What does PMU measure?
phasor measurement unit
A phasor measurement unit (PMU) measures the phasor values of current and voltage. These values get a high precision time stamp and together with the values of power frequency, power frequency change rate and optional binary data that are also time stamped are transmitted to a central analysis station.
What is PMU in power system?
One of the most important measurement devices in power systems is phasor measurement unit (PMU). The PMU is a power system device, capable of measuring the synchronized voltage and current phasor in a power system.
What are the applications of PMU?
Applications of PMUs in power transmission systems
- Wide area situational awareness and monitoring.
- State estimation.
- Fault location, identification and protective relaying.
- Islanding detection.
- Fault location.
- State estimation for distribution systems.
- Harmonic estimation.
- Load modeling and load characterization.
Why is PMU important?
PMUs measure voltages and currents at principal intersecting locations (critical substations) on a power grid and can output accurately time-stamped voltage and current phasors. Because these phasors are truly synchronized, synchronized comparison of two quantities is possible in real time.
What is smart meter in Smart Grid?
Smart meter is one of the most important devices used in the smart grid (SG). The smart meter is an advanced energy meter that obtains information from the end users’ load devices and measures the energy consumption of the consumers and then provides added information to the utility company and/or system operator.
What is PMU in smart grid?
A phasor measurement unit (PMU) is a device used to estimate the magnitude and phase angle of an electrical phasor quantity (such as voltage or current) in the electricity grid using a common time source for synchronization.
What is the output of PMU?
The PMU output is just the phasor representation of the fundamental frequency. For example, 50 samples per second reporting rate yield a value of 20msec. is calculated between two consecutive samples, with adjustment made for wrapping around +1800 and -1800. The result, is the offset from the nominals frequency.
What is a phasor meter?
A PhasorMeter is a special runtime object that can be used to display up to six, separate phasor quantities. The phasormeter displays phasors in a polar graph, where the magnitude and phase of each phasor responds dynamically during a simulation run.
How many PMUs are there in India?
When fully commissioned, this new WAMS solution will be the world’s largest, comprised of 1,184 Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and 34 control centers across India, 350 substations in the national grid.
What factor makes PMU different from other control and monitoring systems?
PMUs are more accurate and faster (up to 50/60 samples per cycle) compared to the SCADA system. In addition, they can be very useful in light of the dynamic behavior of a power system. Moreover, they can be implemented in most parts of a power system to achieve wide-area monitoring, protection, and control.
What is a phasor measurement unit (PMU)?
A phasor measurement unit (PMU) measures the phasor values of current and voltage. These values get a high precision time stamp and together with the values of power frequency, power frequency change rate and optional binary data that are also time stamped are transmitted to a central analysis station.
What is the reporting rate of phasors?
The reporting rate defines the number of phasors that are transmitted per second. Extremely precise time synchronization is essential so that phasor measurement can be carried out to enable phasors from different sites to be compared.
How is Synchrophasor data transmitted from the PDC to the PMU?
Once the PDC has been successfully connected to the device PMU and the PMU configuration data has been queried, the PDC initiates transmission of the synchrophasor data by sending a close command to the PMU. In addition to the phasors, the channel names of the routed measuring points and the binary information are transferred.
What are the communication interfaces of the phasor-measurement units?
The phasor-measurement units each have 2 communication interfaces: an Ethernet module for synchrophasor communication via IEEE C37.118 and another module for communication with the substation automation technology, for example, through the IEC 61850 protocol.