What is submandibular Sialolithiasis?
Sialolithiasis is the formation of calcific concretions within the parenchyma or ductal system of the major or minor salivary glands, but it most commonly affects the submandibular salivary gland. Sialolithiasis usually occurs in adults aged 30 to 60 years and causes pathognomonic pain during meals.
How is Sialolithiasis diagnosed?
Diagnostic imaging to identify presumed salivary calculi include conventional radiography, sialography, and ultrasonography. But currently, high-resolution noncontrast computerized tomography scanning is the imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of salivary stones.
Can you see salivary stones on xray?
Approximately 80–90% of the stones are opaque on a standard review X-ray. However, up to 20% of the calculi cannot be revealed with a review X-ray [1,7,8,10]. It was observed that the stones of the submandibular gland produce opacity only in 80–90% of the cases, while the stones of the parotid gland only in 60%.
What is the treatment of submandibular duct calculi?
The classic treatment of sialolithiasis is antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents, hoping for a spontaneous stone expression through the papilla. In cases of submandibular stones located close to Wharton papillae, a marsupialization (sialodochoplasty) is performed and the stone removed.
Is sialolithiasis serious?
Salivary gland stones are small stones that form in salivary glands in your mouth and can block the flow of saliva. They’re not usually serious and you may be able to remove them yourself.
How do you remove a submandibular stone?
During sialendoscopy, an endoscope is inserted into the affected duct in the mouth. Once the stone is located, the necessary removal equipment is threaded through a port in the scope to the stone. The stone is then grasped and extracted or mechanically broken into smaller pieces, which are then extracted.
How long does sialolithiasis last?
A salivary gland infection may last around a 1 week, though some minor swelling may linger for a few weeks. Acute salivary gland infections rarely cause additional complications.
How are submandibular stones removed?
Most submandibular calculi, located in the distal third of the duct, are removed surgically via direct incision to the stone5,7,9,10,11. This procedure is relatively simple to perform, and does not often result in complications10.
What is the pathophysiology of sialolithiasis?
Sialolithiasis refers to the formation of calculi (sialoliths) inside the ducts or parenchyma of salivary glands and most commonly occurs in the submandibular glands and their ducts.
Does radiology play a role in the diagnosis of submandibular sialolithiasis?
Submandibular sialolithiasis: The roles of radiology in its diagnosis and treatment E. N was a 48-year-old man referred from a peripheral hospital to the Maxillofacial unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, on account of 1-year history of left-sided jaw pain and swelling, particularly after meal.
How common are parotid sialoliths?
Parotid sialoliths usually occur between 30 and 50 years of age and are slightly more common in men. Salivary gland calculi in children are rare, and when present, usually involves the submandibular gland. Between 10 and 20% of salivary gland stones occur within the parotid gland.
What percentage of Submandibular stones are visible on radiography?
Plain radiography is able to visualize only 80-90% of submandibular stones (which are usually located in the duct 6) and ~60% of parotid duct stones (more frequently found within the gland itself 6) presumably due to differences in the composition of the secretion of the parent glands 2,3.