What activates IRF3?
IRF3 is a transcription factor that controls multiple IFN-inducing pathways, including the TLR3 pathway, which can be triggered by dsRNA, and the pathways triggered by other RNA and DNA sensors. IRF3 is normally activated by TBK1 and/or IKKε kinases.
Is IRF3 a transcription factor?
IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is one of the most well-characterized transcription factors involved in the regulation of innate immune responses.
What do interferon regulatory factors do?
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate many aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses—including driving anti-viral responses, responding to pathogens to drive pro-inflammatory responses and regulating immune cell differentiation (1).
What phosphorylates IRF3?
IRF3 is activated through a two-step phosphorylation in the C-terminal domain mediated by TBK1 and/or IKKi, requiring Ser386 and/or Ser385- site 1; and a cluster of serine/threonine residues between Ser396 and Ser405- site 2 [Panne et al 2007]. Phosphorylation at site 1 is required for IRF3 dimerization.
Where is IRF3 located?
IRF3 is found in an inactive cytoplasmic form that upon serine/threonine phosphorylation forms a complex with CREBBP. The complex translocates into the nucleus for the transcriptional activation of interferons alpha and beta, and further interferon-induced genes.
What is the correct Iupac name for IRF3?
View/Edit Mouse. Interferon regulatory factor 3, also known as IRF3, is an interferon regulatory factor.
What do ISGs do?
Function. ISGs have a wide range of functions used to combat infection at all stages of a pathogen’s lifestyle. For a viral infection, examples include: prohibiting entry of the virus into uninfected cells, stopping viral replication, and preventing the virus from leaving an infected cell.
What are regulatory factors?
Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) are proteins which regulate transcription of interferons (see regulation of gene expression). Some viruses have evolved defense mechanisms that regulate and interfere with IRF functions to escape the host immune system.
What’s the regulatory factor in childbirth?
Oxytocin is a hormone that acts on organs in the body (including the breast and uterus) and as a chemical messenger in the brain, controlling key aspects of the reproductive system, including childbirth and lactation, and aspects of human behaviour.
How do interleukins work?
Interleukin-2 works by: Blocking the reproduction and spread of cancer cells. Stimulating the development of white blood cells that attack cancer. Causing cancer cells to release chemicals that attract cancer-killing immune system cells.
What activates IRF7?
IRF7 is activated by pathogenic nuclei acids through pathways mediated by TLR3, -7 and -9, RIG-I and likely DNA-dependent activator of IRF and IFI16, as well as by TLR2-mediated signaling pathway.
What are interferon regulatory factors (IRF)?
Interferon regulatory factors ( IRF) are proteins which regulate transcription of interferons (see regulation of gene expression ).
What is IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)?
1 Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68583; and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68583 [email protected]. Immunity to viruses requires an array of critical cellular proteins that include IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3).
Do IRF family members regulate type I IFN production and response?
This review will focus the role of IRF family members in regulating type I IFN production and responses and myeloid cell development or differentiation, with particular emphasis on how regulation of their levels and activity by ubiquitination and microRNAs may impact autoimmune disease.
How many amino acids are in interferon regulatory factors?
Interferon regulatory factors contain a conserved N-terminal region of about 120 amino acids, which folds into a structure that binds specifically to the IRF-element (IRF-E) motifs, which is located upstream of the interferon genes.