Where are Kisspeptin receptors found?

Kisspeptin-containing neurons are mainly located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) of the POA, with some neurons also present in the periventricular nucleus.

What is the role of Kisspeptin?

Kisspeptin is a product of KISS1 gene that binds to a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR54/KISS1R) stimulating the release of GnRH by hypothalamic neurons, leading to secretion of pituitary gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and sexual steroids, which in turn will act in the gonads to produce the gametes.

What produces Kisspeptin?

Kisspeptin is produced from the hypothalamus and causes a cascade of cell-cell communication, ultimately leading to the production of the hormones, luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland, which are released into the blood.

Is Kisspeptin a peptide hormone?

Kisspeptin describes a family of peptide hormones of varying amino acid length cleaved from the product of the KISS1 gene in primates (including humans) and the Kiss1 gene in non-primates.

Is kisspeptin a neurotransmitter?

A few recognized neurotransmitters have been reported to influence on kisspeptin neurons and kisspeptin signaling to modulate GnRH function in female rodents and human hypothalamus.

What type of hormone is kisspeptin?

Does kisspeptin increase estrogen?

Kisspeptin Acts Directly and Indirectly to Increase Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Activity and Its Effects Are Modulated by Estradiol.

How does kisspeptin regulate GnRH?

Kisspeptin signals directly to the GnRH neurones through the action on the kisspeptin receptor to release GnRH into the portal circulation, which in turn stimulates the secretion of LH and FSH from the gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary.

What is a kisspeptin neuron?

Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide with a critical role in the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. These neurons project to and activate gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons (acting via the kisspeptin receptor, Kiss1r) in the hypothalamus and stimulate the secretion of GnRH.

Does kisspeptin increase testosterone?

Conclusions: Kisspeptin-10 boluses potently evoke LH secretion in men, and continuous infusion increases testosterone, LH pulse frequency, and pulse size. Kisspeptin analogues have therapeutic potential as regulators of LH and thus testosterone secretion.

Is kisspeptin a steroid hormone?

In the hypothalamus, the vast majority of kisspeptin producing cells also express sex steroid receptors, particularly estrogen receptor alpha.

How is kisspeptin activated?

Kisspeptins operate via binding and activation of the G protein-coupled receptor, GPR54 (8). Metastin (also termed Kisspeptin 54) was for the first time identified in 1996 as a tumor metastasis suppressor in melanoma cell lines without affecting tumorigenicity (9).